![]() ![]() Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto Front Energy 10:213–226Įlectric Power Research Institute EPRI (1982) Transmission line reference book, 345 kV and above. Kuklin D (2016) Choosing configurations of transmission line tower grounding by back flashover probability value. The proposed methodology was successfully tested on a real case consisting of a 230 kV transmission line project, 85.4 km long, with 180 towers. The use of different objectives provides a broad set of noninferior design solutions to the engineer in order to make the final selection when compared to the single-objective-construction costs-formulation, where the minimum cost solution is directly provided by the optimization algorithm. Improved results are obtained when compared to the traditional approach based on a standardized tower-by-tower design. The method allows us to determine the trade-offs (Pareto front) between the outage rate of the transmission line and the investment costs of adding insulation or reducing grounding impedance at each tower. This paper proposes a new multiple-objective optimization formulation to solve the problem of outage rate reduction of electric transmission lines due to back-flashover phenomena from technical and economical viewpoint. The improvement of reliability indexes as the energy not supplied is a major issue in electricity markets. ![]()
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